Phase-balancing system



Feb. 14, 1928. 1,658,948

- J. SLEPIAN I PHASE BALANCING SYSTEM Original Fiied June 10. 1922 INVENTOR 1/05g05/gwa0 BY I V ATTORNEY Patented Feb. 14, 1928 barren JOSEPP; SLEEIAN, nnncrnrc & un verse PHASE-BALANCING SYSTEE'I.

Original application filed Jrne 19, 15:22, Serial No. 567,447.

invention relates to phase-balancing systems and it has particular relation to such systems employing single-phase synchronous condensers for effecting a phase balance.

In an unbalanced three-phase line, if the starvoltages in the respective phases could be independently regulated and all made nu eri a y qua ne t o h s e line would not necessarily be balanced because the voltages would not necessarily have a 120 phase displacement. If, however, the delta voltages are made to be equal in magnitude, an equilateral triangle of electrometive forces results which assures a 120 phase displacement between the respective phases.

Or, in general, if the delta single-phase components of any triangle of electromotive forces be caused to have any predetermined relationship in magnitude, the various phase relationships of the voltages are absolutely dependent upon such predetermined relaiO l h P- 0- 16 of the objectsof my invention, therefore, is to provide a system wherein the respective single-phase components of the delta voltages across three line conductors of a polyphase system are independently regulated in such manner as to provide an cquality or any other predetermined relationship between the magnitudes of the various single-phase delt voltages.

r further object of my invention is to provide a system of distribution comprising a balanced threephase line having three independent single-phase loads connected thereto and three single-phase synchronous condensare connected across said loads and regulated to maintain constant voltage.

Vfit these and other objects in view, my invention consists in the methods and apparatus pointed out in the following description and illustrated in the accompanying drawing wherein Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of apparatus and circuits embodying my invention n a mple rm,

Figs. 2, 3 and a are vector diagrams illustrat is gthe current and voltage relationships. 9 form of my invention shown in Fig. phase source 7 supplies power to a se t.

Divided and this application filed October 1,

Serial No. 138,860.

Feeders 11, 12 and 13 are connected to the various delta phases or" said line to supply independent single-phase loads 14h 15 and 16, respectively, which may be sections of a sin le-phase railway system or systems, for

F or simplicity of illustration the e ample. step-up and step-down transformers which would ordinarily be employed in practice are not shown.

Across each of the feeders 11, 12 and 13 is connected a single-phase synchronous condenser, said condensers being diagrammatically indicated at 17, 18 and 19, respectively, and being provided with direct current exciting windings which are energized from crcit-ers 20, 21 and 22, respectively. Any suitable form of voltage regulator is employed, as indicated at 23, 2st and 25, respectively, for holding the voltage at the terminal of each synchronous condenser at any constant predetermined value.

The op ration of the system just described will best be understood by reference to Figs.

2, 3 l. It will be understood that the unbalanced current drawn by the three independent singlephase loads 14, 15 and 16 may be resolved into a forwardly rotating major component and a bacltwardly rotating minor component 0t balanced currents. The baclrwardly rotating component, which is the unbalancing component, is illustrated in Fig. 2 as a balanced system of star vectors a, l) and c.

To. order to neutralize the unbalancing cliect of the single-phase loads it is, therefor, necessary for the synchronous condensers 17, 1S and 19 to draw trom the line equal and opposite currents indicated, in Fig. 3, by the vectors a, b and c.

It the forwardly rotating voltage vectors are represented by the star voltages, A, B and C, in i, and the backwardly rotating currents are. indicated by the vectors a, and c, it will be seen that the respective currents are not in 90 phase relationship to the corresponding voltages. Since, however, no power is supplied to, or derived from any of the single-phase synchronous corn corresponding voltages or the star current v ctors must lie in lines 'AA, 3'13 and CC, respectively, which are perpendicular to the respective voltages A, B and C. V

In order to cause the currents drawn by the respective machines to fall in said lines, a circulating current will be established in the delta circuit comprising the feeders 11, 12 and 18, the primary windings ot the machines. 17, 1S and 19 and the intervening portions of the transmission line 8, 9 and ,10. .The circulating current just mentioned will appear as a zero-phase-sequence current comprising vectors aa, W5 and 0'0 which are equal in magnitude and parallel one to another. 7

By taking the resultant of the vectors just mentioned and he corresponding vectors'a, b and 0', respectively, it will be foundthat currents 0a, Ob, and 00 may be drawn which are in 90 phase relationship to the corresponding voltage vectors, thus proving that the unbalanced load currentsmay be balanced by means of purely wattless current-s drawn bythe respective single-phase machines, oat which one component is a Zero-phase-sequence current circulating around the delta-connected primary windings ,of the three machines.

l/Vhile I have illustrated the vectors as star vectorsfor facility of illustration, it is obvious that the same demonstration applies to' the delta quantities, as the same vectors may be employed to form the delta diagram.

istics of my invention in detail, therefore,

. and while I have pointed out certain 01": the

most obvious principles and purposes thereof, 1 do not intend that the language employed in the following claims shall be limited to the precise features described, but I intend that the claims shall be construed to cover all modifications which are fairly comprehended by the language thereof, when dependently variable single-phase load devices connected across diflerent phases of three delta phases of said transmissionline, and voltage-controlling means including three single-phase variable-reactance devices connectedin shunt across said delta phases of said line, and means for so varying said reactances as to maintain predetermined rela- V tive magnitudes of the three single-phase voltages of said delta.

2. A. polyphase system comprising a poly phase generator, a polyphase transmission While I have described certain charactermasses line associated therewith, a plurality of independently variable single-phase load devices connected across difierent phases of said transmission line at points remote from said generator, and H means including three single-phase variablereactance devices connected in shunt across delta phases of said line at points remote from said generator, and means for so varying said reactances as to maintaina predetermined relation between the magnitudes of the voltages in said delta. 7

I 3. A three-phase system comprising a substantially balanced three-phase generator, a three-phase transmission line associated therewith, a plurality of independently variable single-phase load devices connected across differentphases of said transmission line, three single-phase variable-reactance devices connected in shunt across delta phases of said line, and means for so varying said reactances as to neutralize the unbalancing effect of said single-phase load devices.

7 i. A three-phase system comprising a substantially balanced three-phase generator, a three-phase transmission line associated therewith, a'plurality of. independently variable single-phase load devices connected across diiferent phases of said transmission line, three single-phase variable-reactance devices connected in shunt across delta phases of said line, and means for so varying said reactances as to maintain constant equal voltages on all of the delta phases.

5. The combination with a three-phase" line subject to unbalanced conditions, of three single-phase synchronous condensers, means for connecting said condensers in delta to said line, and 'electro-responsive means for independently regulating said condensers for equal line voltages.

voltage-controlling 7 6. The combination with a three-phase line 7 subjectto unbalanced conditions, of three single-phase synchronous condensers, means for connecting said condensers in delta to said line, and electro-responsive means, for

independently regulating isaid condensers for constant line voltages.

'7. The combination with a three-phase line I subject to unbalanced conditions, or three single-phase synchronous dynamo-electric machines carrying substantially wattless cur rents, means for connecting said machines in delta tosaid line, and electro-responsive means for independently regulating said machines; r r V 8; The combination with a three-phase line having a balanced supply means and unbalanced load devices drawing symmetrical negative-phase-sequence current components as well as symmetrical positive-phase-sequence current components, of means for supplying said negative-phase-sequence components, said means comprising three reactive impedance devices connected across difi'erent delta phases of said line for drawing from said line single-phase currents equal and opposite to said symmetrical negative phase-sequence currents and circulating delta currents of such magnitude as to cause the total single-phase current in each of said impedance devices to have a predetermined power factor.

9. The combination with a three-phase line having a balanced supply means and unbalanced load devices drawing symmetrical negative-phase-sequenee current components as well as symmetrical posit-ive-phase-sequence current components, of means for supplying said negative-phasesequence current components, said means comprising three react-ire impedance devices connected across different delta phases of said line and electro-responsive regulators associated with said impedance devices for maintaining rela tively equal single-phase voltages, whereby said impedance devices draw from said line single-phase currents equal and opposite to said s *inmetrical negativephase-sequence currents and circulating delta currents of such magnitude as to cause the total singlephase current in each of said impedance devices to have a predetermined power factor.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 29th day 0]": September, 1926.

JOSEPH SLEPIAN. 

